HIV-1 remission and possible cure in a woman after haplo-cord blood transplant.

TitleHIV-1 remission and possible cure in a woman after haplo-cord blood transplant.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2023
AuthorsHsu J, Van Besien K, Glesby MJ, Pahwa S, Coletti A, Warshaw MG, Petz L, Moore TB, Chen YHui, Pallikkuth S, Dhummakupt A, Cortado R, Golner A, Bone F, Baldo M, Riches M, Mellors JW, Tobin NH, Browning R, Persaud D, Bryson Y
Corporate AuthorsInternational Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Network(IMPAACT) P1107 Team
JournalCell
Volume186
Issue6
Pagination1115-1126.e8
Date Published2023 Mar 16
ISSN1097-4172
Abstract

Previously, two men were cured of HIV-1 through CCR5Δ32 homozygous (CCR5Δ32/Δ32) allogeneic adult stem cell transplant. We report the first remission and possible HIV-1 cure in a mixed-race woman who received a CCR5Δ32/Δ32 haplo-cord transplant (cord blood cells combined with haploidentical stem cells from an adult) to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Peripheral blood chimerism was 100% CCR5Δ32/Δ32 cord blood by week 14 post-transplant and persisted through 4.8 years of follow-up. Immune reconstitution was associated with (1) loss of detectable replication-competent HIV-1 reservoirs, (2) loss of HIV-1-specific immune responses, (3) in vitro resistance to X4 and R5 laboratory variants, including pre-transplant autologous latent reservoir isolates, and (4) 18 months of HIV-1 control with aviremia, off antiretroviral therapy, starting at 37 months post-transplant. CCR5Δ32/Δ32 haplo-cord transplant achieved remission and a possible HIV-1 cure for a person of diverse ancestry, living with HIV-1, who required a stem cell transplant for acute leukemia.

DOI10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.030
Alternate JournalCell
PubMed ID36931242